I believe this question is related to this one. To have a design that does not annoy the users is qualitative. I would recommend you to narrow down on performance metric / metrics that you can track and optimize. The next step would be to find any industry recognised reference that mention acceptable ranges for those performance metrics. For example, if you are designing a classroom, one of the performance metric would be Useful Daylight Autonomy. And for reference, you may check the IESNA Handbook.
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