I moved this to a new topic to avoid setting a bad precedent of everyone posting on the “Getting Started” Topic. The first part of your question is an easy answer:
All of the Grasshopper Components are in their usual location that you show there (the UserObjects folder). There are no .gha files associated with the new plugin at this time.
Everything else is in the following location:
On Windows:
C:\Users\[USERNAME]\ladybug_tools
On Mac:
Users/[USERNAME]/ladybug_tools
Within that folder, you will find an installation of cPython which bears all of the Ladybug Tools Core Python Libraries within the site-packages folder. These Python libraries have 90% of the code for the software and all except one of them has a dependencies on Rhino SDK. The core libraries are loaded directly into the Gasshopper components via import statements and are also called indirectly from via command line for some components. If you want to know more about the core library dependency tree, I posted some more info here
You will also see a resources folder that contains all of the standards (your materials, constructions, schedules, etc.). It also has a measures folder that contains an OpenStudio measure to translate between the Honeybee Model JSON schema to the OpenStudio schema. Lastly, there is a weather folder, which is the default location where the “Download Weather” component will send the EPW files to.
For the second part of your question, you shouldn’t have had to delete the components of Honeybee[+] 0.0.06 when you ran the new installer (they can be installed alongside one another). I think I know what happened and I will try to fix it now.